HIV/AIDS affects rural household food security by impacting people’s ability to produce adequate and nutritious food and/or engage in waged labour to purchase food. Food insecurity increases people’s vulnerability. Poor nutrition contributes to poor health, low labour productivity, low income, and livelihood insecurity. These factors, among others, put people, particularly women and girls, at risk of HIV infection as they are forced to migrate for waged labour or to engage in transactional sex work for income.